Military doctrine and strategy in the former soviet union dtic. Ussr state defense committee article about ussr state. Defense minister, military reform, moscow krasnaya zvezda in. State defense committee in the ussr, the extraordinary supreme state body in which, during the great patriotic war 194145, all power was concentrated. They contributed significantly although on an insufficient scale to allied military strength in world war i. The national defence is responsible for the preservation and continuity of the democratic state of law that is known today. Media in category ready for labour and defence of the ussr the following 9 files are in this category, out of 9 total. Our deputy director martin michelot coauthored the new policy paper analyzing the defence and industrial policy of slovakia and the czech republic.
The defense policy of the soviet union rand corporation. Radical reform in soviet defence policy springerlink. Soviet military policy has been one of the most important and perplexing issues confronting the united states since 1945. Fmso is a component of the us armys training and doctrine command tradoc g2. The soviet union, officially the union of soviet socialist republics ussr, was a federal socialist state in northern eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 and was the largest country in the world.
Defence and industrial policy in slovakia and the czech. Formation and structure defense factories already played an important role in prerevolutionary russian industry. As the central element of their national security strategy during the past 30 years, the. Nominally a union of multiple national soviet republics, in practice its government and economy were highly centralized. Pdf russia has undertaken several largely piecemeal and halting efforts to revamp the armed forces it inherited from the soviet union. Here, however, the nature of the dilemma is a bit diff erent. In the authors view, economic collapse was not the cause of the end of the communist order, although without doubt the economic system was in. Mismanagement of fiscal policy made the country vulnerable to external factors, and a sharp drop in the price of oil sent the soviet economy into a tailspin.
Finland has not applied for nato membership but does not rule this out in. What percent of gdp was the ussr spending on the military. Natos open door policy is based on article 10 of the alliances founding document, the north atlantic treaty 1949. Throughout the 1970s and 80s, the soviet union ranked as one of the worlds top producers of energy resources such as oil and natural gas. Recently, it announced its intent to increase the contingent from 10 to 15 ships. Although the chinese communist air defense system still maintains some contact with the soviet organization, co operation between them is minimal. Foreign and defense policy oxford university press.
Intentionally left blank defense intelligence agency. Initially, moscows policy was to keep salw under its control as much as possible, but significant quantities of weapons were stolen from sovietrussian military bases and arms stores. Foreign policy culture russian foreign policy culture is a reflection of political culture to a significant degree. Nevertheless, the almost total ban on public discussion of strategic matters by soviet military men, which existed in stalins last. It was a oneparty state governed by the communist party, with moscow as its. The minister of defence of the soviet union refers to the head of the ministry of defence who was responsible for defence of the communist russian soviet federative socialist republic from 1917 to 1922 and the soviet union from 1922 to 1991. The soviet defense industry complex in world war ii. This greater med activity is both cause and effect of the navys effort to revivify its black sea fleet bsf, virtually moribund just a few years ago. Handbook on ussr military forces chapter i, national defense system 1 march 1946 war department washington, dc comments the copy digitized was borrowed from the marshall center research library, apo, ae 090534502. Tm 30340, handbook on ussr military forces, was published in installments to expidite dissemination to the field. Russias annexation of crimea and military intervention in eastern ukraine represent the. The union of soviet socialist republics is a socialist state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants, and intelligentsia, the working people of all the nations and nationalities of the country.
S military commitments at lesser costs one must realize that after the successful utilization of nuclear weapons in the world war ii in hiroshima, japan on the 6th of august, 1945, and the subsequent atomic. Eus common defence and security policy cdsp is in its infancy, and far away from a common defence force. The russian economy twenty years after the end of the. Abstract tm 30340, handbook on ussr military forces, was published in installments to expedite dissemination to the field. Challenges at eus new eastern frontier twenty years after. Moreover, warsaw pact military strategy as shown by its literature and military exercises calls. Under communism, czechoslovakia was one of the main producers of armed equipment in the soviet bloc and was a major supplier of arms to third world countries. Whitney lackenbauer and a social sciences and humanities. Medvedevs 5 november 2008 speech outlining foreign and domestic policy priorities. Russian military reform and defense policy congressional research service 1 introduction at the height of soviet military power in 19851986, there were 4. For the new lyformed russian ministry of defense, the most immediate challenge was to relocate military equipment and personnel from the newly independent states of the former ussr and coun. The conference was supported by a department of national defence dnd defence engagement program targeted engagement grant primary applicant.
In order to grasp the motivations, timings and reasons behind eisenhowers new look defence policy which had a focus on upholding u. The soviet defense industry complex in world war ii i. Russian leaders have generally been capable of artful and accommodating diplomacy when the situation demanded it, as displayed by the statecraft of goncharov in the 19th century, and soviet. This includes combating drug trafficking both inside and outside the. The national defense strategy acknowledges an increasingly complex global security environment, characterized by overt challenges to the free and open international order and the reemergence of longterm, strategic competition between nations. In this timely reader, ten experts on the soviet union offer their perspectives on soviet military strategy and defense policy, covering the foreign policy context. The treaty states that nato membership is open to any european state in a position to further the principles of this treaty and to contribute to the security of the north atlantic area. The author works for the foreign military studies office fmso, fort leavenworth, kansas.
Pdf russian military reform and defense policy researchgate. It is a subset of the government policies that relate to the management, administration, command and control of the countrys armed. This chapter was originally classified confidential and later remarked. Ussr was a collection of captured countries with their on indenties which wanted independencechina was one country and they just in practice did away. The defence policy has been prepared to complement other government policies, in particular, the national security and foreign policies. Britain defence policy development empire europe feder france growth history revolution soviet union superpower ukraine union of soviet socialist republics. Russia reinforcing mediterranean formation russian.
Russias national security strategy and military doctrine and their. Eisenhowers new look defence policy made the us safer in the cold war rivalry with the soviet union. Tm 30430, chapter ii, 15 may 1946, personnel administration, contains a thorough exploration of the soviet military personnel system. Cidob international yearbook 2010 234 russian federation, country profile able to nato as a partner in security projects. The russian navy is beefing up its mediterranean presence. In the past decade, britain has been turning increasingly to europe and the north atlantic, where its primary strategic interests lie. For example, in the autumn of 1984, the soviet defense. Principles of the social structure and policy of the ussr chapter 1. Soviets have relentlessly improved their military forces and relied on them to. The development of soviet strategic thinking since 1945 pdf, 7. Yet differences in approach to energy security and to conflict resolution in georgia and moldova hampered further development of. Pakistans defence policy, 194758 pervaiz iqbal cheema auth. On january 1, 1991, the soviet union was the largest country in the world, covering some 8,650,000 square miles 22,400,000 square km, nearly onesixth of earths land surface. Ussr and china problem was that communism did not work.
Ministry of defence defence policy 1 chapter 1 introduction 1. A case study of ussrs alteration of its policy towards northeast asia wen haitao a subthesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts international relations department of international relations research school of pacific. Late 1950s china falls out with the soviet union over moscows policy of peaceful coexistence with the west. Moreover, the military and civilian missions placed in the eastern enighbourhood are very few 3 in comparison with the large number of missions displayed worldwide tens. Russian defence policy in the caucasus request pdf. Mikhail gorbachevs foreign policy innovations have focused renewed attention on these vital questions. In september 1981, secretary of defense caspar weinberger asked the defense intelligence agency to produce an unclassified overview of the soviet unions military strength. Implications for uk defence and security 5 summary since the end of the cold war, uk policy has been built on the foundation of a stable europe in which the threat to nato members is low.
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